Indonesia’s rich biodiversity and cultural heritage have contributed to the development of traditional cosmetics, which are based on ethnobotanical practices. These products, made from natural ingredients and local knowledge, represent a mix of cultural identity and sustainability. This chapter explores how traditional cosmetics are linked to Indonesia’s history and rituals, including examples like the Serat Centhini and Mataram Kingdom traditions, showing their role in daily and spiritual life. As global interest in eco-friendly products grows, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) creates new opportunities for Indonesia’s traditional cosmetics to reach international markets. The BRI supports cultural exchange, sustainable trade, and economic growth, helping the industry protect its biodiversity and promote innovation. This chapter also looks at market trends, such as the demand for natural and Halal-certified products, and the use of modern technology to improve traditional cosmetics. Challenges include the loss of traditional knowledge and the need to balance preserving culture with creating new commercial products. By examining the connection between culture, sustainability, and market needs, this chapter shows how Indonesia’s traditional cosmetics can play a role in global markets while protecting its cultural heritage.