This study explores the multifaceted significances of fig (Ficus spp.) used by Pa-O people in Myanmar, where they serve as cultural keystone species. The research underscores the importance of Pa-O people’s traditional knowledge related to nine fig species including Ficus auriculata Lour., Ficus benghalensis L., Ficus concinna (Miq.) Miq., Ficus geniculata Kurz, Ficus hispida L.f., Ficus racemosa L., Ficus religiosa L., Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm., and Ficus virens Aiton for diets, medicinal remedies, and socio-economic uses. The findings highlight the potential of fig species in supporting the nutrition and health of local people, with various plant parts being used for both topical and internal treatments. This study also acknowledges the socio-economic importance of figs, as certain species are marketed as vegetables, contributing to the local economy. The role of fig species in ecosystem restoration was discussed, particularly in tropical forest ecosystems in Southeast Asia, where Ficus auriculata, Ficus hispida, and Ficus semicordata are identified as a promising candidate for restoration efforts. Integration of traditional practices with scientific knowledge and sustainable management strategies is advocated to enhance tropical forest restoration, fostering a symbiotic relationship between the ecological environment and the livelihoods of local communities.