Genomic studies have revealed diverse genes controlling biofilm development, from initial adhesion to dispersion. The genetic diversity reflects the varied survival strategies of biofilm-forming organisms. Modern research tools, particularly next-generation sequencing (NGS) and multi-omics approaches, have deepened our understanding of biofilm dynamics. Transcriptomics has revealed gene expression patterns, while proteomics and metabolomics have illuminated protein interactions and metabolic adaptations within biofilms. The research has also uncovered important insights into mixed-species biofilms, including how genetic material transfers between species, often spreading antibiotic resistance. This knowledge has practical application in developing new therapeutic strategies, such as targeting specific genetic pathways to disrupt biofilm formation. The integration of genomics with computational tools and machine learning continues to advance the field, offering new perspectives on host–pathogen interactions and promising improved methods for managing biofilms in medical, industrial, and environmental contexts.