The fourth industrial revolution has expanded the use of digital and highly automated systems. Artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, robotics, and 3D printing have transformed the role of human labor in automation. Automation has made our lives comfortable. It has brought the world to our fingertips. The automation systems enable remote monitoring of health, household tasks and gadgets, and industrial processes. Sometimes people fear that automation will lead to the loss of jobs. However, very few are concerned about the impact of automation on the environment and sustainability. Automation can hurt the environment in terms of energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, non-greenhouse gas emissions, resource use, and the ecosystem. At the same time, technologies like the Internet of Things act as a catalyst of sustainability. It can reduce fuel consumption by optimizing vehicle routes. It has helped to monitor energy usage, reduce waste, and manage resources. In short, we should change our production and consumption habits to reduce the negative impact of automation on the environment. This chapter will discuss the positive and negative effects of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI).