Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a critical analytical methodology for assessing the environmental performance of biomaterials across their entire life cycle, encompassing production, usage, and end-of-life stages. This chapter investigates LCA as a holistic tool for pinpointing environmental hotspots and opportunities to optimize energy efficiency, resource utilization, and waste management within biomaterial systems. Although LCA faces challenges such as data constraints, regional variability, and methodological intricacies, it remains instrumental in advancing sustainable biomaterial production, guiding policy development, and facilitating market integration. The integration of LCA into biomaterial innovation promotes a transition toward circular economy principles by emphasizing material reuse, recycling, and valorization. By ensuring transparency in communicating LCA outcomes, stakeholder trust is strengthened, encouraging widespread adoption of biomaterials across industries. This chapter highlights the surging demand for sustainable alternatives and underscores the necessity of refining LCA methodologies, enriching data repositories, and addressing associated trade-offs to unlock the full potential of biomaterials in contributing to global sustainability objectives.