Recent advancements in biomaterial-based drug delivery systems (DDS) have significantly revolutionized the field of medicine, offering improved therapeutic efficacy, reduced side effects, and targeted delivery of drugs. This chapter highlights the latest innovations and trends in the development of biomaterials, including polymers, lipids, and inorganic materials, which are engineered to optimize drug delivery. Notably, the integration of nanotechnology has facilitated the creation of nanoparticles, liposomes, and micelles, enhancing the precision and control of drug release. Biodegradable and biocompatible materials have emerged as critical components, minimizing long-term toxicity and enhancing patient compliance. Furthermore, stimuli-responsive systems, capable of responding to environmental changes such as pH, temperature, and enzymatic activity, have shown promising potential in achieving controlled and sustained drug release. Advances in biofabrication techniques, such as 3D printing, have enabled the customization of drug delivery platforms tailored to individual patient needs. The incorporation of smart materials and the development of multifunctional delivery systems are also explored, offering synergistic therapeutic effects and diagnostic capabilities. Despite these advancements, challenges such as scalability, regulatory hurdles, and the need for extensive clinical validation remain. This chapter underscores the transformative impact of biomaterial-based DDS on modern therapeutics and highlights the ongoing efforts to overcome existing barriers, paving the way for next-generation drug delivery solutions.