Understanding the phenomenon of violence against children and adolescents requires consideration of historical processes and theoretical perspectives on childhood, as well as the inclusion of cultural diversity as part of the contexts in which they develop. It is known that the context acts on human development in such a way as to influence and be influenced by the characteristics of the developing person and their experiences since childhood. On the other hand, the prevalence of violence against children and adolescents occurs in the intra-family context; this data seems to homogenize a profile and centralize concepts of childhood that tend to conceal biopsychosocial characteristics present among indigenous children. What we intend to discuss throughout this chapter, from an interdisciplinary perspective, but especially from the perspective of the Bioecology of Human Development, are the violence practiced against indigenous children and to problematize how racism and coloniality act as permanent violence against indigenous bodies and territories, including children systematically, in such a way as to operate serious forms of violation of rights.