A Cross-Device Interaction with the Smartphone and HMD for Vocabulary Learning
摘要
Cross-reality (XR) systems facilitate interaction between devices with differing levels of virtual content. By engaging with a variety of such devices, XR systems offer the flexibility to choose the most suitable modality for specific task or context. This capability enables rich applications in training and education, including vocabulary learning. Vocabulary acquisition is a vital part of language learning, employing techniques such as words rehearsing, flashcards, labelling environments with post-it notes, and mnemonic strategies such as the keyword method. Traditional mnemonics typically rely on visual stimuli or mental visualisations. Recent research highlights that AR can enhance vocabulary learning by combining real objects with augmented stimuli such as in labelling environments. Additionally,advancements in generative AI now enable high-quality, synthetically generated images from text descriptions, facilitating externalisation of personalised visual stimuli of mental visualisations. However, creating interfaces for effective real-world augmentation remains challenging, particularly given the limited text input capabilities of Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs). This work presents an XR system that combines smartphones and HMDs by leveraging Augmented Reality (AR) for contextually relevant information and a smartphone for efficient text input. The system enables users to visually annotate objects with personalised images of keyword associations generated with DALL-E 2. To evaluate the system, we conducted a user study with 16 university graduate students, assessing both usability and overall user experience.