Metastasis
摘要
Lung carcinomas frequently metastasize to other organs. Metastasis is the most common cause of death in lung cancer patients. In this chapter, we will focus on two different aspects: the Mechanisms of metastasis of lung carcinomas and the metastasis to the lung by other malignant tumors. Metastasis has to be dissected in different steps: migration, angiogenesis, hypoxia, microenvironment, creating immune tolerance, circulation, extravasation, establishment of a metastatic focus, and finally, cross talk with the new environment to facilitate tumor growth.