How Education Policies Are Decided by an Elite: Analysis of the Relationships Between Philanthropy and Government in Brazil
摘要
This study examines the influence of elite networks on education policy in Brazil, focusing on the interaction between philanthropy and government. Over the past decades, Brazil’s education policies have aligned with a Globally Framework Agenda for Education, driven by international organizations such as the OECD. Despite policy changes, these policies have consistently promoted standardized curricula, large-scale assessments, and accountability measures, with significant involvement of non-state actors. The findings reveal that elite actors leverage their positions and networks to influence education policy through supposed expert discourse, often prioritizing efficiency and measurable outcomes over equity and inclusion. Philanthropic organizations and corporations, linked to elites, engage in discursive, relational, and institutional activities to shape policy, from funding research and disseminating ideas to forming strategic partnerships and offering direct services to schools and governments. This chapter analyzes the relationship of an elite network based on the interaction between three types of actors: philanthropists, policymakers, and experts.