The eye forms with the optic nerve the visual organ. This consists of the eyeball and the accessory visual structures, including: (1) the orbital fasciae; (2) the extraocular muscles; (3) the eyebrows; (4) the eyelids; (5) the conjunctiva; and (6) the lacrimal apparatus. For many structures of the eye, eponyms are still in use, especially for certain (extra)ocular muscles and the cornea. The four rectus muscles of the eyeball arise from the common tendinous ring (eponym: anulus of Zinn). The deep layer of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle is also known as superior tarsal muscle (eponym: muscle of Müller). Many eponyms were given to the ciliary muscle and its fibres. New imaging techniques such as optical coherence imaging (OCT) allow excellent images of the retina. From the inside outwards, 18 alternating hyperreflective and hyporeflective zones were listed, including the layers of the retina (zones 3–14) and the vascular layer (zones 15–18). For some of these zones eponyms were revitalized to honour their discoverers. The posterior cortical vitreous represents two zones: zone 1 and a preretinal space zone 2. After a few notes on the development of the eye, eponyms for the accessory visual structures, the eyeball and its walls, the retina, and the optic disc and nerve will be discussed. For further data on the authors quoted, reference is made to Part II (The Anatomical Eponyms from A to Z) and figures in this part.