Formic acid is gaining popularity as a low-carbon-fuel and liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) that can be used in standard conditions. Its value chain is broken down into three parts in this chapter. Energy efficiency, feedstock flexibility, and lifecycle emissions are benchmarked for production pathways ranging from low-carbon electrochemical CO2 reduction and formamide hydrolysis to industrial methyl-formate hydrolysis and biomass oxidation. Safety, hydrogen-release kinetics, and cost trade-offs are highlighted as storage alternatives are evaluated across bulk liquid confinement, reversible chemical conversion, and materials-based adsorption. Lastly, the infrastructural and regulatory requirements for delivery via pipeline mixing, ISO tank containers, and chemical-tanker shipping are evaluated. The synthesis gives readers the tools they need to assess the economic potential and technological preparedness of formic acid in upcoming low-carbon energy systems.

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Formic Acid

  • Mohammed Al-Breiki,
  • Yusuf Bicer

摘要

Formic acid is gaining popularity as a low-carbon-fuel and liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) that can be used in standard conditions. Its value chain is broken down into three parts in this chapter. Energy efficiency, feedstock flexibility, and lifecycle emissions are benchmarked for production pathways ranging from low-carbon electrochemical CO2 reduction and formamide hydrolysis to industrial methyl-formate hydrolysis and biomass oxidation. Safety, hydrogen-release kinetics, and cost trade-offs are highlighted as storage alternatives are evaluated across bulk liquid confinement, reversible chemical conversion, and materials-based adsorption. Lastly, the infrastructural and regulatory requirements for delivery via pipeline mixing, ISO tank containers, and chemical-tanker shipping are evaluated. The synthesis gives readers the tools they need to assess the economic potential and technological preparedness of formic acid in upcoming low-carbon energy systems.