Considerations for Training Parents and Caregivers
摘要
Training caregivers is an essential component of delivering applied behavior analysis (ABA) and other services to autistic children and adults. Such an endeavor should be based on an explicit, rational, and empirical analysis of needs assessment. Rather than using verbal methods of caregiver training, organizations and trainers should use behavioral skills training (BST), a package consisting of instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback, which has proven remarkably robust in training a host of skills. When using BST, trainers should program generalization effects by using strategies such as general case training and carefully designed roleplays using scripts. Organizations should also consider using pyramidal training to increase the number of available trainers, reduce costs, and increase efficiency. These efforts should be part of a system of caregiver training and support. Applied behavior analysts should also consider organizational factors, whether human service organizations or families. There are important differences between setting up ABA services in existing, non-ABA services and starting a new ABA organization. ABA should consider carefully whether to attach itself to existing non-ABA organizations or whether to set up new ABA-oriented organizations. Finally, families deserve special consideration for their unique factors.