Millets, nutrient-rich and climate-resilient small-seeded cereals, offer a sustainable solution to global food security amid population growth, climate change, and resource depletion. With a projected 60% increase in food demand by 2050, millets like pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), and foxtail millet (Setaria italica) provide high protein (7.3–12.3%), fiber (1.2–9.0%), iron (1.7–9.3 mg/100 g), and calcium (17–344 mg/100 g), addressing malnutrition and dietary deficiencies, particularly in vulnerable populations. Their low glycemic indices (50–62) support chronic disease management, such as diabetes. Requiring minimal water (200–700 mm/season) and inputs, millets thrive in harsh environments, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by up to 60% compared to rice and enhancing soil health and biodiversity. The UN’s International Year of Millets 2023 and India’s National Millets Mission have boosted awareness and production, with global millet product sales rising 18% in 2023. However, low yields (0.8–1.2 tons/ha), consumer misconceptions as “poor man’s food,” and inadequate processing infrastructure limit adoption. Strategic interventions—genetic improvements for high-yield, pest-resistant varieties, mechanization, value-added products like snacks, and policy support—are critical. Collaborative efforts among governments, NGOs, and private sectors can integrate millets into public food systems, global trade, and sustainable agriculture, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals for Zero Hunger and Climate Action.