This chapter explores the role of tactile and haptic perception in the design of innovative assistive devices for visually impaired people (VIP). The fundamental principles of formation of concepts through haptic sensory stimulations and provide an overview of the key characteristics of haptic systems. Building upon this foundation, various digital technologies and their potential for creating tactile maps that enhance spatial cognition and support the independent mobility of VIPs are analyzed. This analysis encompasses a range of approaches from traditional tactile maps to emerging technologies like digital refreshable tactile displays and hybrid interactive maps. The aim is to provide researchers and designer with a comprehensive understanding of the perceptual and technological considerations underpinning the design of effective tactile aids for VIP navigation. The insights presented here can serve as a valuable resource for designing of any mobility assistive technology that empowers VIPs to navigate with greater confidence and autonomy.