People with low vision or blindness commonly encounter orientation mobility challenges, particularly when traveling in new environments. Trained orientation and mobility specialists work in the field of vision rehabilitation and apply techniques and strategies to promote the independence and safety of people with visual impairments when traveling. In the present chapter we discuss common O&M challenges for people with blindness and low vision as well as the techniques and strategies to improve O&M outcomes. These include physical guidance, self-protective techniques, cognitive mapping, white cane use, guide dogs, visual skills, alignment, and the use of transportation systems. We also discuss the assistive aids, both optical and technological, that are intended to improve travel outcomes. Finally, we look into the future state of technology in regard to O&M.