This chapter provides an in-depth exploration of security and privacy concerns in Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically focusing on the vulnerabilities and threats that arise from integrating AI systems. It begins with a discussion of AI’s security challenges, followed by a detailed examination of AI security and privacy attacks. This chapter also presents a comprehensive framework for analyzing adversarial attacks, including AI attack surface, attacker goals, attacker’s capabilities, and attack strategies. This framework enables a deeper understanding of attack types and their implications for AI security and privacy, providing critical insights into mitigating these risks in AI-driven systems.