This chapter introduces the foundational concepts of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), highlighting their importance and applications in cybersecurity. It provides an overview of supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, and reinforcement learning approaches, including linear regression, logistic regression, decision trees, support vector machines, and k-nearest neighbors, focusing on their cybersecurity roles. It also covers deep learning models like Feedforward Neural Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory networks, Autoencoders, and Transfer Learning and their applications in solving complex cybersecurity problems such as anomaly detection and malware detection.