In the last decade, the concept of executive functions has been expanded to include the so-called ‘hot’ executive functions. While ‘cold’ executive functions are involved in classic cognitive top-down processing tasks that do not involve realistic rewards, hot functions are employed in high-stakes situations that require emotion regulation, reward processing, delay discounting, and risk management, although they also involve top-down processes. In this chapter, we address the effects of mindfulness meditation on both cold and hot executive functions within the more general framework of the effects of mindfulness meditation on cognitive processes and related brain networks. We also link our analysis to the construct of self-regulation as well as to interactions between attentional and emotional systems.