Mindfulness, which can be described in terms of attending to the present moment in an open and accepting manner, continues to garner interest from scientists and the public. The benefits of mindfulness appear to be closely linked to the ability of individuals to regulate their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Accordingly, the present volume seeks to document progress on this connection between mindfulness and self-regulation. Chapter authors are primarily, though not exclusively, psychologists, and the book covers theoretical, cognitive neuroscience, social-personality, and clinical perspectives. Readers will encounter many insights into the manner in which mindfulness operates. In addition, mindfulness, perhaps when combined with compassion, appears to benefit personal relationships. The current chapter provides an overview and synthesis of the contents of the handbook.