Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent category of mental health disorders. In the United States, approximately one in three adults will meet diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder at some point in their life (Kessler et al., 2005). Anxiety disorders typically develop early in life (Kessler et al., 2007) and are associated with reduced quality of life (Cramer et al., 2005; Balayan et al., 2014). Comorbidity (Jacobi et al., 2004) and recurrence (Scholten et al., 2013) are common, likely contributing to the reasons why anxiety disorders are one of the leading causes of global disability (Baxter et al., 2014). Although no longer classified as anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are reflected in these figures, and are worth studying alongside the anxiety disorders (panic disorder [PD], social anxiety disorder [SAD], generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], and specific phobia) given the typically shared presence of maladaptive fear-based cognitions (e.g., overestimation of threat), physiological responses, and avoidance behaviors. Moreover, OCD and PTSD commonly co-occur with other anxiety disorders (e.g., Ginzburg et al., 2010; Ruscio et al., 2008). Additionally, individuals with anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD, have increased mortality relative to those without these conditions (Meier et al., 2016).

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Introduction

  • Elizabeth M. Goetter

摘要

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent category of mental health disorders. In the United States, approximately one in three adults will meet diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder at some point in their life (Kessler et al., 2005). Anxiety disorders typically develop early in life (Kessler et al., 2007) and are associated with reduced quality of life (Cramer et al., 2005; Balayan et al., 2014). Comorbidity (Jacobi et al., 2004) and recurrence (Scholten et al., 2013) are common, likely contributing to the reasons why anxiety disorders are one of the leading causes of global disability (Baxter et al., 2014). Although no longer classified as anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are reflected in these figures, and are worth studying alongside the anxiety disorders (panic disorder [PD], social anxiety disorder [SAD], generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], and specific phobia) given the typically shared presence of maladaptive fear-based cognitions (e.g., overestimation of threat), physiological responses, and avoidance behaviors. Moreover, OCD and PTSD commonly co-occur with other anxiety disorders (e.g., Ginzburg et al., 2010; Ruscio et al., 2008). Additionally, individuals with anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD, have increased mortality relative to those without these conditions (Meier et al., 2016).