Volcanic paleosols present a valuable paleoecological archive covering the whole period of pedogenesis on Earth but spatially restricted to the areas of active volcanism—predominantly continental margins. This geographical distribution makes volcanic paleopedological records complementary to the loess-paleosol sequences mostly developed in the inland areas. Volcanic paleosol are found within the tropics where other terrestrial paleoenvironmental proxies are scarce. The interest to this type of paleosols is restricted by the irregularity of volcanic sedimentation, strong diagenetic transformation of buried soils, and above all the pedogenetic specialty of soil development and specific pathways of soil evolution. As original type of soils, andosols are developed in the early stage of pedogenesis on the tephrous materials that later evolve into other soil types generating litho- and chrono-diversity of paleopedological records that masks paleoclimatic signal. To overcome these limitations, careful search for modern analogues should be included in any study of volcanic paleopedological contexts. Experience of volcanic paleosol research is already accumulated in the different parts of the world; however, Mexico could be considered as one of the main polygons for such studies. A number of stratovolcanoes and multiple monogenetic volcanos generated tephra-paleosol sequences covering different time spans: late Holocene (El Chichón), late Pleistocene (Nevado de Toluca), and until the early Pleistocene, covering Mid-Pleistocene Transition (Tlaxcala). Mexican volcanic contexts provided possibilities to study buried paleosol toposequences (Teotihuacan Valley), indurated volcanic pedosediments of Fragipan type called Tepetate, and soils under lavas (volcano Xitle). Volcanic paleosols have good perspectives for far-distance correlation and reconstruction of the past climatic zonality on the global scale and for the geoarchaeological research of various contexts—from the earliest hominid dispersal to ancient civilizations affected by eruptions.