This chapter examines the evolving role of grassroots actors in Madagascar’s peace and conflict processes, emphasizing their influence across local, national, and international scales. While elite groups have traditionally dominated political structures, indigenous actors—such as community leaders, religious institutions, and grassroots organizations—have long played crucial roles in peacebuilding. However, their influence has fluctuated due to external pressures, political co-optation, and dependency on foreign funding. This chapter explores how grassroots movements make use of culturally embedded methods to mediate conflicts, while also navigating the challenges posed by state interventions and international peace frameworks. It highlights the tensions between local agency and external influences by analyzing the resilience and limitations of these actors, highlighting the need for a peacebuilding approach that values indigenous perspectives, strengthens local legitimacy, and reduces reliance on externally driven solutions.