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In the dynamic realm of healthcare, explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a pivotal player in forming informed decision-making and patient-centered care. This chapter embarks on an exploration of the impact that XAI has on healthcare, starting with an examination of its significance and then delving into its practical applications within Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS). The discussion also encompasses ethical considerations and how XAI empowers patients. At the core of this discussion lies the significance of XAI in clarifying the often opaque algorithms governing healthcare processes. In an era where trust and transparency are paramount, XAI serves as a guiding light, providing healthcare professionals with insights into the decision-making processes of AI-driven systems. By explaining the rationale behind AI-generated recommendations, XAI cultivates trust and confidence in these technologies, ultimately enhancing the quality and safety of patient care. Furthermore, we delve into the practical applications of XAI within CDSS, where it enhances the capabilities of healthcare providers by enabling more informed and precise clinical decisions. Through real-world examples, we observe the tangible benefits of integrating XAI into healthcare delivery. However, our exploration does not end with technical advancements; it extends into the realm of ethical considerations. We pause to reflect on the ethical implications of deploying AI in healthcare, addressing concerns such as accountability, bias mitigation, and the protection of patient rights. Amid these complexities, there emerges a promising outcome—the empowerment of patients. Transparent and interpretable AI models enable patients to play an active role in their healthcare journey. Equipped with a deeper understanding of their health conditions and treatment options, patients are empowered to make informed decisions aligned with their values and preferences. On this journey through the realm of XAI in healthcare, our goal is to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of its transformative potential and profound implications. By the end of this chapter, we hope readers will not only grasp the complexities of XAI but also envision a future where technology serves as a facilitator of positive transformations in healthcare, promoting effectiveness, efficiency, ethics, and equity.

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Supporting Healthcare Decision-Making: A Journey Through CDSS, Explainability, and Bias Mitigation with Explainable AI

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Mozhgan Salimiparsa,
  • Daniel Lizotte,
  • Kamran Sedig

摘要

In the dynamic realm of healthcare, explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a pivotal player in forming informed decision-making and patient-centered care. This chapter embarks on an exploration of the impact that XAI has on healthcare, starting with an examination of its significance and then delving into its practical applications within Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS). The discussion also encompasses ethical considerations and how XAI empowers patients. At the core of this discussion lies the significance of XAI in clarifying the often opaque algorithms governing healthcare processes. In an era where trust and transparency are paramount, XAI serves as a guiding light, providing healthcare professionals with insights into the decision-making processes of AI-driven systems. By explaining the rationale behind AI-generated recommendations, XAI cultivates trust and confidence in these technologies, ultimately enhancing the quality and safety of patient care. Furthermore, we delve into the practical applications of XAI within CDSS, where it enhances the capabilities of healthcare providers by enabling more informed and precise clinical decisions. Through real-world examples, we observe the tangible benefits of integrating XAI into healthcare delivery. However, our exploration does not end with technical advancements; it extends into the realm of ethical considerations. We pause to reflect on the ethical implications of deploying AI in healthcare, addressing concerns such as accountability, bias mitigation, and the protection of patient rights. Amid these complexities, there emerges a promising outcome—the empowerment of patients. Transparent and interpretable AI models enable patients to play an active role in their healthcare journey. Equipped with a deeper understanding of their health conditions and treatment options, patients are empowered to make informed decisions aligned with their values and preferences. On this journey through the realm of XAI in healthcare, our goal is to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of its transformative potential and profound implications. By the end of this chapter, we hope readers will not only grasp the complexities of XAI but also envision a future where technology serves as a facilitator of positive transformations in healthcare, promoting effectiveness, efficiency, ethics, and equity.