Japanese sociology faced its major turning point after the Pacific War. The GHQ (General Headquarters, the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) occupation policies included both the purge of public officials and educational system reforms. Scholars who held professorships at major universities or key positions in government research institutions and were deemed to have cooperated with the war effort were removed from their positions. Sociologists like Yasuma Takata and Masamichi Shinmei were among those purged. The removal from public office was not lifted until after the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1951, which ended the occupation. During this period, sociologists who had been active before the war fell silent. Meanwhile, those who were students during the war years were part of a generation that suffered direct material and psychological damage. They developed a sense of having been ‘deceived’ by the pre-war generation. This erupted as resentment and criticism from the younger generation of sociologists toward their seniors. Their primary objective became reforming Japan’s conservative, oppressive, and patriarchal institutions and rebuilding Japan as a new ‘democratic’ nation. The researchers tackling these issues were themselves required to be conscious of the need to be democratic individuals. This fundamental characteristic has defined post-war Japanese sociology. This chapter will outline the directional changes in sociology from the post-war period to the present day.