The discussion of amino acid families reveals production of individual amino acids and the efficient regulation of their synthesis. A review of the synthesis of nucleic acids includes the production of pyrimidines and purines and the relevant cross talk pathways. Details of information transfer in bacteria include DNA replication and synthesis of the three types of RNA. The four systems for secretion of proteins from bacteria are discussed. Inhibition of protein synthesis by antibiotics is designated. Examples of posttransition modification in bacteria include production of glycoproteins, lantibiotics, enzymes, and spore coat proteins. The production of histone-like proteins and the pathways for heme synthesis are discussed.