The study substantiates the growing trend of interest in space-based sources of electrical power. A review of the current state of research on thin film materials, particularly the cadmium telluride (CdTe) compound and its photovoltaic (PV) properties, has been conducted. It has been shown that this material has significant potential for use in space-based solar power (SBSP) plants. The paper presents experimental studies of CdTe thin films, including their structure, growth mechanisms, and PV parameters, as well as the modeling of output characteristics of CdTe-based structures using the Scaps 3311 software package with the aim of utilizing them for space solar energy generation. The activation energy of charge carrier mobility depending on the illumination of the CdTe thin film has been determined. It has been shown that in polycrystalline CdTe thin film, the main influence on PV properties is exerted by grain boundaries, which makes it possible, by changing the technological parameters of production and selecting the appropriate type of substrate, to obtain films with predetermined properties. An assessment of the impact of buffer layer material and temperature on the output efficiency of the films has been carried out by modeling the structure CdTe/CdS/ZnO, CdTe/ZnS/ZnO, CdTe/ZnSe/ZnO. It has been established that the most promising CdS analog could be ZnSe, as it offers higher conversion efficiency for collecting solar power in outer space. The novelty of the research lies in determining the impact of thickness, structure, and technological factors in the production of thin films on their PV properties, which is particularly important for space technology applications.