Cyberspace Security in the Outer Space Legal Regime: Commercial Space Systems in the Crosshairs of International Conflict
摘要
The accelerating deployment of large commercial satellite telecommunications constellations as well as increasingly numbers of “cubesat” and other private satellite systems for remote sensing of the earth’s surface, water, and airspace realms is fundamentally transforming the outer space realm from one dominated by governmental space systems to one characterized by commercial goals of profit maximization and ease of consumer use. International conflicts such as the war in Ukraine are threatening to draw commercial space systems into the crosshairs of military conflict with far-reaching technical and legal/policy implications for the future of space exploration and exploitation. Central to the emerging targeting of commercial space systems is their growing exposure to cyber disruption as a cost-efficient means to off-set strategic power projections such systems offer to their operators and users, whether civilian or governmental. Cost efficient cyber (including AI) is the lynchpin to the future commercial potentials of outer space infrastructure and market expansions. As a consequence, the international space regime will evolve towards cyber configurations where governance structures increasingly mirror those for commercialized Internet regulation and governance within a multi-stakeholder global regime.