Carbon sequestration, the process of living organisms capturing and storing CO2 from the atmosphere, is crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating global warming. Soil microbes play a significant role in this process, including bacteria, archaea, actinomycetes, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. These microorganisms contribute to carbon sequestration through various pathways, such as the Calvin cycle, 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle, and reductive acetyl ~ CoA pathway. These pathways involve the conversion of CO2 into organic compounds, which are then stored in the soil. Factors like temperature, moisture, organic matter, and pH influence this process. Climate change profoundly impacts soil microbial communities, altering their structure, composition, and functions. This highlights the importance of studying soil microbes and their role in carbon sequestration, including the impact of agricultural practices on soil microbiome diversity and metabolic processes.