In urban settings worldwide, the increase of waste presents a multifaceted challenge with profound implications for public health, particularly in the realm of psychological well-being. This chapter offers a synthesis of existing research examining the intricate relationship between waste and psychological health in urban environments. The chapter discusses diverse forms of waste, including solid waste, air pollution, pointing out their collective impacts on mental health. Exploring the psychological effects of waste to human health reveals a complex interplay of stress, anxiety, and diminished quality of life among urban residents. Factors such as exposure to noxious odors, visual blight, and concerns about environmental degradation contribute to heightened levels of psychological distress. Additionally, waste burdens across socio-economic aspects affected mental health outcomes, underscoring the need for equitable waste management policies. This chapter examines the mediating role of green spaces and community engagement in mitigating the adverse psychological effects of waste in urban environments. Research suggests that access to greenery and opportunities for social cohesion can buffer the negative impact of waste, promoting resilience and fostering a sense of well-being among urban dwellers. Furthermore, this paper reviews concepts of environment security. This chapter also provides a new approach or pathway that plays a key role in enhancing sustainable development goals. Ultimately, this chapter underscores the urgent imperative for multiple approaches to waste management that prioritize both environmental sustainability and psychological health. By addressing the psychological dimensions of waste in urban planning and policy formulation, stakeholders can cultivate healthier, more resilient communities and enhance the overall well-being of urban populations.