Drought is one of the significant environmental challenges, which impacts on global agriculture, particularly in staple crops like wheat (Triticum aestivum). Recent breakthroughs in plant–microbe interactions have underscored the potential of drought tolerant bacteria to augment wheat growth and resilience in water-limited environments. These advantageous bacteria, commonly called PGPRs, support plant survival by multiple processes, including osmotic adjustment, the synthesis of phytohormone (i.e. Auxin, ACC deaminase, Siderophore etc.), and the augmentation of nutrient absorption. Furthermore, drought tolerant bacteria can elicit systemic tolerance in plants by regulating stress-responsive pathways, encompassing antioxidant enzyme activities and the modulation of stress-related gene expression. This chapter explores the molecular and physiological mechanisms by which drought-tolerant bacteria facilitate growth promotion and drought resistance in wheat. This chapter incorporates recent research findings to examine the potential of drought tolerant bacteria as sustainable bio fertilizers, presenting a promising approach to enhance wheat yield in drought-prone areas. Ultimately, comprehending the symbiotic relationship between drought tolerant bacteria and wheat can facilitate novel agricultural strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change.