The global population is expanding at an alarming rate, which makes it harder to meet the expanding need for food. The soil's capacity to provide adequate food for both the present and future populations is under jeopardy due to the intense agricultural production that has resulted in its depletion. It is imperative to create novel strategies for long-term sustainable management of depleted soil health in order to enhance agricultural productivity and preserve food security. Both crop yield and sustainable agriculture depend on healthy soil. As a result, it is crucial to consistently measure and track scientific evaluations of soil health. In order to promote sustainable agriculture and increase the resilience of the soil ecosystem, soil health assessment is essential. This chapter covered the importance of soil health, how it integrates into sustainable agriculture, improved methods for assessing soil health, potential advantages, difficulties, and future directions of these cutting-edge approaches, as well as a conclusion.