Rapid industrial growth has significantly accelerated carbon dioxide emissions and altered the natural carbon sequestration mechanisms of agricultural soils. These increased emissions not only contribute to climate change but also threaten global food security. Agricultural practices play a key role in preparing for and adapting to climate challenges, and building resilience to extreme weather events. Increasing sustainability and productivity through innovation and advancement are critical to transforming agriculture. This chapter highlights the importance of integrating cutting-edge technologies and practices to create efficient agricultural systems that ensure food security for future generations, reduce carbon emissions, and mitigate climate change. A key strategy in this effort is long-term soil carbon sequestration, which can rejuvenate degraded soils, increase biomass production, and offset carbon emissions. This chapter explores various methods of increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) levels, including crop rotation, organic farming, conservation tillage, and soil amendments such as biochar and compost. These approaches not only improve carbon sequestration but also improve soil structure, water retention, and nutrient availability, thereby increasing ecosystem resilience. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed in adapting these technologies to different types of soils and climates. More research is needed to assess the long-term stability of sequestered carbon and its environmental impact. This chapter also discusses soil health assessment and global measures to monitor soil health. Combining permaculture practices with carbon sequestration provides a viable solution to future food security, combating climate change, and increasing agricultural resilience.