As one of the most important inventions for the development of human civilization, the invention of paper has greatly promoted human civilization and changed the lifestyle of human beings and contributed to the prosperity of culture and communication. However, the conventional paper is highly flammable. Numerous paper cultural relics and books were unfortunately destroyed by fire disasters in the lengthy history of humankind. Therefore, the fire-resistant paper is promising for applications in various fields. To design and prepare innovative paper materials by using fire-resistant fibers instead of flammable cellulose fibers can solve the flammability problem of the conventional paper and revolutionize their applications. In recent decades, efforts have been devoted to explore the fire-resistant paper, and significant progress has been made in this innovative field. In this chapter, the brief overview over recent advances in the field of the fire-resistant paper is provided, and the key issues, design principles, synthetic strategies, and applications of the fire-resistant paper are highlighted. Finally, we will discuss the challenges, proposed future research directions, and future perspectives in the field of the fire-resistant paper.