Agroecosystems, characterized by significant human-mediated disturbances, have fostered the coevolution of weed species alongside crop cultivation. The persistence and adaptation of these weeds, particularly the rapid emergence of herbicide resistanceHerbicide resistance in conventional farming, highlight the urgent need for diversified selection pressures in weed management. Both conventional and organic systems face unique challenges that require the development of robust integrated weed management (IWM) strategies. This chapter synthesizes the latest advancements in harvest weed seed control (HWSC), a nonchemical technology that has emerged as a critical component of IWM strategies. We explore the fundamental principles, required attributes, and various methods of HWSC, demonstrating its potential to prevent weed seed bank replenishment and reduce the spread of herbicide-resistant populations. By integrating HWSC with other management practices, this chapter provides eco-evolutionary insights crucial for sustainable weed control in both organic and conventional systems. Future research directions are proposed to enhance the adoption and efficacy of HWSC across diverse agricultural landscapes, supporting more resilient and sustainable farming practices.