Eriodictyol is present in different plants with beneficial pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiobesity, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective properties. Its chemical structure includes two linked rings with multiple hydroxyl groups that contribute to its antioxidant abilities. Eriodictyol presence in fruits and vegetables makes it a promising candidate for functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Numerous studies indicate its in vitro and in vivo bioactivities against wide variety of conditions, including cancer, inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and diabetes. The biosynthesis of eriodictyol occurs through the metabolic pathway underscoring the complex process of producing flavonoids in plants. Recent studies have focused on identifying eriodictyol in plant extracts to uncover its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and therapeutic properties. Moreover, microbial hosts, particularly metabolic engineered microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Corynebacterium glutamicum, etc., offer potential for producing eriodictyol in a cost-efficient and environmentally friendly manner. Engineered strains have demonstrated the de novo production of eriodictyol, demonstrating the potential of metabolic engineering in bioproduction. This chapter explores the classification and biological activities of eriodictyol, emphasizing its role in promoting health and detailing its mechanisms of action. It examines the biosynthesis of eriodictyol in plants, as well as the natural occurrence of eriodictyol and its derivatives across various plant species, and its microbial production using metabolic engineering techniques. Furthermore, it discusses current advancements, challenges, and future perspectives in the microbial production of eriodictyol.