Forensic dentistry, a cornerstone of contemporary forensic science, continually endeavours to innovate techniques enhancing the precision of human identification. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) emerges as a transformative asset in this pursuit, providing profound insights into the identification and analysis of human tooth remains. LIBS, characterized by its rapid and non-destructive spectroscopic capabilities, furnishes crucial insights for determining human age and sex. This innovative approach capitalizes on the synergy between LIBS and machine learning (ML), where sophisticated algorithms are trained to discern subtle spectral patterns indicative of age-related dental changes and sex-specific dental traits. The integration of LIBS and ML heralds superior accuracy and efficiency, eclipsing conventional methods. This chapter illuminates the potential of LIBS and ML in forensic dentistry, emphasizing its pivotal role in advancing human sex and age identification in forensic practices.