The most widely used approach for treating critical-sized bone loss is the application of “autologous bone grafts”, which involves using the patient’s own bone tissue. Autologous bone grafts are preferred due to their strong osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. However, when the patient serves as the donor, several issues can arise, including significant tissue loss at the donor site, limitations in available donor areas, and an increased risk of postoperative infections. As alternative approaches, “allografting”—which involves using bone tissue from another person—and “xenografting”—which uses bone grafts derived from animal tissues—can also be employed. However, these methods may lead to complications such as tissue incompatibility, heightened immune responses, and the risk of pathogen transmission. For these reasons, there is a growing need to develop novel tissue scaffolds using tissue engineering approaches. Synthetic materials and biologically derived hydrogels are among the most commonly used materials in such applications and treatments. In recent years, hydrogels have attracted increasing interest in regenerative therapies due to their biocompatibility, versatility, and hydrophilic network structure, which resembles the extracellular matrix of natural tissues. As a result, hydrogels hold significant potential as biomaterials for various bone treatment applications, including local drug delivery and bone tissue engineering.