Biomaterials research has been progressing toward the development of “smart” products with advanced features to better meet the current needs of the health industry. Biocompatible and biodegradable conductive hydrogels with good electrical and optical properties, which can provide electrical, electromechanical, and electrochemical control to cells, tissues, and biomaterial function, have started to gain importance in recent years in tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, and biosensor applications. Considering the electrical currents that provide communication between our cells, introducing conductivity to hydrogels that can mimic the mechanical properties and microstructure of the extracellular matrix is especially important for applications involving neural and cardiovascular tissue engineering, where conductivity directly affects the natural physiology and function of the tissues.