This concluding chapter discusses the core themes that emerged throughout all chapters of this volume, including insights on borders and boundaries, negotiation of representation by disruptive and dissenting actors, and the idea of relational and multi-actor dynamic that marks the activities of non-state actors engaged in disruption and dissent. The chapter also charts out several directions for future research on disruption and dissent in public diplomacy. These include the exploration of the complex interplay between violence, legitimacy and public diplomacy; the impact of emotions on coalition-building politics within diasporas engaged in dissenting public diplomacy; the role of domestic publics and policies in public diplomacy of dissent; the role of cultural diplomacy in the public diplomacy of dissent; and the role that dissenting non-state actors engaged in public diplomacy can play in addressing humanity’s “wicked problems.”