The potential integration of genetic information into life and health (re)insurance underwriting represents one of the most significant transformations in risk assessment since the adoption of laboratory medicine. This chapter provides insurance professionals with the essential knowledge and practical tools necessary to navigate the complex intersection of genetic science, actuarial practice, and regulatory requirements. Beginning with foundational genetic concepts including inheritance patterns, penetrance, and expressivity, the chapter progressively builds toward sophisticated applications including polygenic risk scores, pharmacogenomics, and gene editing technologies. The current state of genetic medicine is examined, analyzing how precision medicine, gene therapy, and targeted therapeutics fundamentally alter traditional mortality and morbidity assumptions. Through detailed exploration of high-penetrance monogenic disorders such as BRCA1/2 mutations and Huntington’s disease, as well as complex polygenic conditions including cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease, it is demonstrated how genetic information transforms risk stratification while maintaining awareness of its probabilistic nature and limitations. The chapter provides extensive practical resources including decision trees for common underwriting scenarios, quick reference tables for genetic conditions and their mortality implications, and frameworks for integrating genetic counseling into insurance processes. The authors address the critical challenge of operating within diverse regulatory environments, analyzing frameworks from the United States’ GINA legislation through European GDPR requirements to emerging approaches in Asia Pacific markets. The treatment of information asymmetry, adverse selection concerns, and public perceptions of genetic discrimination receive careful attention, acknowledging both theoretical risks and empirical evidence from markets with varying regulatory restrictions. Looking toward the future, emerging challenges are explored including the clinical implementation of polygenic risk scores, the role of epigenetic modifications, and the transformative potential of CRISPR and other gene editing technologies. The chapter concludes with concrete recommendations for implementing genetic risk assessment that balances actuarial soundness with ethical considerations and regulatory compliance, while preparing organizations for continued rapid evolution in genetic medicine. Throughout, focus is maintained on the practical application of genetic knowledge within insurance contexts, providing frameworks that can adapt to scientific advances while respecting the complex social and ethical dimensions of genetic information.