This chapter offers an overview of musculoskeletal disorders and explains their significance in insurance medicine. Topics include bone infections and benign bone tumors; congenital and pediatric musculoskeletal conditions; spinal deformities such as scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis; spinal myelopathy and radiculopathy; osteoarthritis (OA); trauma including general fracture overview; spinal fractures; hip and pelvic fractures; knee and shoulder injuries; and focal mononeuropathies of upper and lower limbs. Malignant tumors and central nervous system diseases are covered in other chapters. Each condition is introduced with basic information about the disease, its causes and epidemiology, followed by clinical features, treatment options, prognosis, and concludes with risk considerations for underwriters.