This chapter offers a system-based overview of endocrine conditions and their impact on clinical evaluation and risk assessment. It reviews major abnormalities involving the hypothalamic-pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, parathyroid, gonadal, and bone and mineral metabolism axes, highlighting how hormonal dysregulation contributes to metabolic complications, morbidity, and mortality. Coverage includes common and rare diseases such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, pituitary tumors, adrenal insufficiency, Cushing syndrome, and calcium and phosphate disorders. This section also addresses multisystem syndromes—including multiple endocrine neoplasia, autoimmune polyglandular syndromes, and paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes—as well as special considerations such as endocrine diseases in pregnancy. Practical risk assessment principles emphasize identifying secondary causes; evaluating treatment adequacy; recognizing complications such as fractures, electrolyte abnormalities, and metabolic instability; and understanding how endocrine pathology influences overall mortality risk. Together, these elements provide a clear, clinically grounded framework for interpreting endocrine disorders in life underwriting contexts.