This chapter addresses the school choice process, where families seek to select a school for their children instead of relying on assignment based on residential location. The allocation criterion may consider factors such as location, siblings in the school, purchasing power, and educational needs. There are multiple ways to account for families’ preferences, which can influence school demand, school segregation, and efficiency. The process usually operates within defined geographic areas and is affected by the presence of private schools as well as the quality of schools, the availability of information, and families’ preferences. School choice entails both benefits and costs, and its implementation varies worldwide, requiring ongoing analysis between theory and practice.