This chapter examines key aspects of tertiary education, focusing on access, financing, and cost-effectiveness. The expansion of higher education has increased human capital and economic productivity, yet disparities persist in access due to socioeconomic barriers. Financing mechanisms vary across countries, with some relying on public subsidies and others on private contributions. The analysis highlights that income-contingent loans can enhance equity while maintaining fiscal sustainability. Additionally, the returns to higher education remain positive, although they differ by field of study and institution. The chapter underscores the need for policies that balance affordability, efficiency, and accessibility to maximize the benefits of tertiary education.