The theme of feudalism and chivalry, referring to Miguel de Cervantes’ novel Don Quixote, is investigated in this research. The study implements the use of artificial intelligence techniques to demonstrate the analysis of the themes as well as language and character interaction in the text. Being one of the novel’s key themes, it criticizes out-of-date social systems that are no longer relevant to the modern life of people. Considering the use of AI tools for textual analysis, this research mostly focuses on the novel theme of feudalism and chivalry. The research uses traditional literary analysis and AI-based tools, mainly sentiment analysis and topic modeling. Through the application of these AI instruments, the patterns and the formulas can be analyzed to interpret somewhat the nature and the extent to which the novel criticized the out-of-date social structures. Therefore, finally, the work can determine the relationships between traditional humanities this issue and digital humanities by bringing the general interpretation of the meaning as well as social and political implication of the themes in their historical and modern context. The research proves the applicability and effectiveness of AI for the in-depth analysis of the compositional and thematic structure of a literary work and the shifts in the sentiment expressed in a work. This interdisciplinary approach is beneficial for both literary studies and digital humanities.