This study aimed to examine the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as Natural Language Processing (NLP) and computer vision, to analyze historical documents and maps related to the Egyptian Libyan border between 1911 and 1951. The goal was to uncover the influence of colonial powers, particularly Italy and Britain, on this border through military, economic, and political activities. AI techniques were applied to analyze texts and visuals. NLP was used to extract key themes from treaties and diplomatic correspondences, while computer vision identified changes in historical maps. This combined approach provided insights into shifts in diplomatic language and border adjustments linked to geopolitical events. The findings showed that AI can identify significant themes such as “colonial expansion” and “territorial integrity,” highlighting the colonial impact on the border. However, limitations like OCR errors and model biases were noted, affecting the accuracy of some AI analyses. AI tools enhance the quantitative analysis of historical documents, offering new insights into colonial geopolitics. Despite challenges, the study demonstrates AI's potential in historical research, enriching our understanding of the Egyptian Libyan border dynamics during the colonial period.