The article presents the results of the study of dry winds and dry weather phenomena in the Rostov region. Due to its geographical location the region is one of the important agricultural regions of the country: fertile soils, climatic conditions of spring and summer period are favorable for cultivation of agricultural crops. The limiting factor is the moisture content of the territory. The territory of Rostov region is significantly affected by various unfavorable meteorological phenomena that have a harmful effect on the development of agrocenoses. The main of them are droughts and dry winds. A characteristic feature of the summer period is the frequent recurrence of dry weather events. The total number of days with dry winds ranges from 60–80 days in the northern regions to 100 days in the southeastern regions. Of these, 5–10 days in the northern areas and 15–20 days in the southeastern areas are intense and very intense. The analysis shows that the negative impact of dry winds can be manifested in the whole considered territory, but especially unfavorable conditions for growing crops by the degree of influence of dry winds are formed in the south-eastern districts of the region.