Land use and land cover (LULC) changes exert a profound influence on the environmental and socio-economic dynamics of regions undergoing rapid transformation. This study examines the spatiotemporal patterns of LULC in Rostov Oblast, a key agricultural and urban center in southern Russia, from 2017 to 2022. It employs high-resolution Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and the Random Forest classification algorithm to investigate these patterns. The findings indicate significant fluctuations in the areas of cropland, grassland, and bare soil, which are driven by a combination of urban expansion and agricultural intensification.