Central Africa’s coastal zones, notably in Cameroon and Gabon, are home to significant mangrove ecosystems that provide vital ecological and socio-economic services. Mangroves in this region are essential for coastal protection, biodiversity support, and the sustenance of local fisheries, which are crucial for the livelihoods of coastal communities. However, industrialization, deforestation, and the expansion of oil exploration and coastal development pose serious threats to these vital ecosystems. Despite these challenges, local communities have shown resilience by adopting traditional ecological knowledge and engaging in community-led mangrove conservation initiatives. These efforts highlight the potential for integrating indigenous practices with modern conservation techniques to ensure sustainable mangrove management. This study explores the biodiversity of Central African mangroves, focusing on species such as Rhizophora spp., Avicennia spp., Laguncularia racemosa, and Bruguiera spp., and their role in carbon sequestration and environmental health. Additionally, it examines case studies of community-driven mangrove restoration projects in Cameroon and Gabon, demonstrating the effectiveness of grassroots involvement in conservation efforts. The study emphasizes the importance of strengthening community resilience through ecosystem-based adaptation and providing policy recommendations for the sustainable management of mangrove forests. Ultimately, this research underscores the necessity of multi-stakeholder approaches, involving governments, NGOs, and local communities, to safeguard the future of Central Africa’s mangrove ecosystems and ensure their long-term resilience against environmental and socio-economic challenges.